A transcervical CVS is performing using a flexible cathether inserted into the cervix.

A transabdominal CVS is performed using a thin needle inserted into the maternal abdomen.

Both techniques employ continuous ultrasound guidance. The cathether or needle is positioned within the placenta (afterbirth) where a sample of chorionic villi is obtained which can then be sent for genetic testing.

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Amniocentesis -- This procedure is usually performed in the second trimester of pregnancy (starting at about 16 weeks gestation). Using ultrasound guidance, a thin needle is placed into the maternal abdomen and positioned within the amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus. A sample of amniotic fluid is obtained which can then be sent for genetic testing. Amniocentesis can also be used to test the amniotic fluid for signs of fetal infection. If clinically indicated, amniocentesis can be performed in the late third trimester of pregnancy to evaluate fetal lung maturity.

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Fetal Blood Sampling -- This procedure is performed using continuous ultrasound guidance to place a needle through the maternal abdomen into the fetal hepatic (liver) vasculature. A sample of fetal blood can then be obtained for genetic testing. If technically indicated, a sample of fetal blood can also be obtained from the fetal umbilical cord.

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Intrauterine Transfusion -- This procedure is performed using continuous ultrasound guidance to place a needle through the maternal abdomen into the fetal hepatic (liver) vasculature. Blood, platelets, or medication can be administered to the fetus through this technique.

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Other -- (as clinically indicated)

Fetal bladder stent placement -- This procedure is performed when there is a severe renal/urinary abnormality in the fetus in order to drain the fetal bladder and obtain a fetal urine sample for urinalysis.

Fluid Infusion -- This procedure is performed when the amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus is severely decreased (severe oligohydramnios) or when there is absent amniotic fluid (anhydramnios). The infusion of fluid is used to better image suspected fetal abnormalities in the setting of severely decreased/absent amniotic fluid.

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